| 1、芯片對照 |
答：PIC其中一些單片機與EM78系列單片機管腳相兼容，對照如下：
- PIC12C508/509 EM78P152/153
- PIC16C54/56/84 EM78P156/256/456
- PIC16C55/57 EM78P447
以上單片機轉(zhuǎn)換可以在不用改動PCB情況便可完成，具體硬件資源對照如表1所示。 |
| 2、指令對照表 |
| 答：指令對照表如表2所示 |
| 3、轉(zhuǎn)換軟件使用說明 |
答：現(xiàn)有轉(zhuǎn)換軟件X156M.EXE可以將PIC編寫的程序目標碼轉(zhuǎn)成EM78單片機可用的源代碼。
文件名：X156M.EXE
說明：PIC程序文件名后綴一定是（.OBJ)
文件格式是16進制(HEX)或二進制(BIN)
執(zhí)行X156M(以5XDEMO.OBJ為例、HEX格式）
提示輸入文件5XDEMO.OBJ
詢問是何種文件輸出方式（H/B）？選H
詢問文件大小（單位是512字節(jié)）？輸入1（16C54、12C508）或2（16C56）或4（16C57）
詢問文件輸出方式（0/1）？選1
詢問WDT開/關(guān)否？（視情況而定）
至此，可輸出名為5XDEMO.DT文件（即EM78XX的源程序）
注：經(jīng)過上述轉(zhuǎn)換的程序仍可能存在下列問題，需要修正：
- 針對EMC內(nèi)部RAM地址比PIC高10H,轉(zhuǎn)換程序?qū)AM地址硬性加10H，如此時R4則轉(zhuǎn)為R14，如果R4作間接尋址用，此時應(yīng)恢復(fù)R14棗R4；在間接尋址中，在賦給R4立即數(shù)的值轉(zhuǎn)到EMC時該立即數(shù)也應(yīng)加10H; 相關(guān)的BANK選擇位對應(yīng)如（前為PIC，后為EMC）∶R3.5à R3.6,R3.6à R3.7.
- PIC和EMC個別寄存器如標志寄存器R3.7、R4不一樣，有些PIC程序中用了其中閑置的bit做標志位，到EMC程序中要檢查有沒有沖突；
- PIC和EMC讀入RA或口5，閑置位賦值不一樣：如PIC16C54讀RA.時RA的高四位為0，但EM78×56就不是為0，所以EM78X56讀出口5數(shù)據(jù)時要屏蔽高位，否則容易出錯。
針對PIC16C57程序轉(zhuǎn)換的問題（1）R7轉(zhuǎn)換后會變成17H，應(yīng)恢復(fù)為07H；（2）為了避免程序跳轉(zhuǎn)、R3的重定義而出現(xiàn)的錯誤，最好將16C57對應(yīng)的4個PAGES映射到78P447的4個PAGES里去，方法是重定義轉(zhuǎn)換程序的每頁起始地址，200Hà 400H，400Hà 800H，600Hà C00H。 |
表1 PIC和EMC單片機硬件資源對照表
|
Devicc |
EM78P152
EM78P153 |
PIC12C508
PIC12C509 |
EM78P156 |
PIC16C54
PIC16C56 |
EM78P447A
EM78P447B |
PIC16C57 |
|
Pins |
8/14 |
8 |
18 |
18 |
28/32 |
28 |
|
Process |
CMOS |
CMOS |
CMOS |
CMOS |
CMOS |
CMOS |
|
Architecture |
RISC |
RISC |
RISC |
RISC |
RISC |
RISC |
|
Mask Version |
Yes |
N/A |
Yes |
N/A |
Yes |
N/A |
|
Working Voltage |
2.5~5.5 |
2.5~5.5 |
2.5~5.5 |
2.5~6.25 |
2.3~5.5 |
2.5~6.25 |
|
Program Memory |
512x13 |
512/1Kx12 |
1Kx13 |
512/1Kx12 |
4Kx13 |
2Kx12 |
|
User Memory RAM |
32x8 |
25/41x8 |
48x8 |
25x8 |
148x8 |
72x8 |
|
I/O pins |
6/12 |
5 |
12 |
12 |
20/24 |
20 |
|
Instruction Clock |
2 |
4 |
2 |
4 |
2 |
4 |
|
Oscillation Mode |
5 |
4 |
4,(5) |
4 |
4 |
4 |
|
Instruction Set |
57 |
33 |
57 |
33 |
57 |
33 |
|
Max.Operating |
XT |
16(4 clks) |
8(4 clks) |
18(2 clks)36(4clks) |
20(4 clks) |
36(4 clks) |
20(4 clks) |
|
RC |
4(4 clks) |
4(4 clks) |
4(4 clks) |
4(4 clks) |
4(4 clks) |
8(4 clks) |
|
Page Size |
1K |
512 |
1K |
512 |
1K |
512 |
|
Available for CALL |
1K |
256 |
1K |
256 |
1K |
256 |
|
Option Code |
13 |
N/A |
6 |
N/A |
7(13) |
N/A |
|
Iterrupt(In/Ex) |
3（1/2） |
N/A |
3(1/2) |
N/A |
3(1/2) |
N/A |
|
Pull-High Pins |
6/8 |
N/A |
8 |
N/A |
10 |
N/A |
|
Pull-Low Pins |
3/7 |
N/A |
7 |
N/A |
0 |
N/A |
|
Wake-Up Pins |
6/8 |
N/A |
8 |
N/A |
10 |
N/A |
|
Open-Drain Pins |
6/8 |
N/A |
8 |
N/A |
2 |
N/A |
|
R-Option Pins |
0 |
N/A |
2 |
N/A |
2 |
N/A |
|
Stack |
5 |
2 |
5 |
2 |
5 |
2 |
|
POVD |
Yes |
N/A |
Yes |
N/A |
Yes |
N/A |
|
Timer Modules |
8-bitx1 |
8-bitx1 |
8-bitx1 |
8-bitx1 |
8-bitx1 |
8-bitx1 |
|
WDT |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
表2 PIC和EMC指令對照表
|
PIC |
EMC |
|
字 節(jié) 操 作 指 令 |
|
NOP |
|
NOP |
|
|
NOVWF |
f |
MOV |
R,A |
|
CLRW |
|
CLRA |
|
|
CLRF |
f |
CLR |
R |
|
SUBWF |
f,0 |
SUB |
A,R |
|
SUBWF |
f,1 |
SUB |
R,A |
|
DECF |
f,0 |
DECA |
R |
|
DECF |
f,1 |
DEC |
R |
|
IORWF |
f,0 |
OR |
A,R |
|
IORWF |
f,1 |
OR |
R,A |
|
ANDWF |
f,0 |
AND |
A,R |
|
ANDWF |
f,1 |
AND |
R,A |
|
XORWF |
f,0 |
XOR |
A,R |
|
XORWF |
f,1 |
XOR |
R,A |
|
ADDWF |
f,0 |
ADD |
A,R |
|
ADDWF |
f,1 |
ADD |
R,A |
|
MOVF |
f,0 |
MOV |
A,R |
|
MOVF |
f,1 |
MOV |
R,R |
|
COMF |
f,0 |
COMA |
R |
|
COMF |
f,1 |
COM |
R |
|
INCF |
f,0 |
INCA |
R |
|
INCF |
f,1 |
INC |
R |
|
DECFSZ |
f,0 |
DJZA |
R |
|
DECFSZ |
f,1 |
DJZ |
R |
|
RRF |
f,0 |
RRCA |
R |
|
RRF |
f,1 |
RRC |
R |
|
RLF |
f,0 |
RLCA |
R |
|
RLF |
f,1 |
RLC |
R |
|
SWAPF |
f,0 |
SWAPA |
R |
|
SWAPF |
f,1 |
SWAP |
R |
|
INCFSZ |
f,0 |
JZA |
R |
|
INCFSZ |
f,1 |
JA |
R |
|
位 操 作 指 令 |
|
BCF |
f,b |
BC |
R,b |
|
BSF |
f,b |
BS |
R,b |
|
BTFSC |
f,b |
JBC |
R,b |
|
BTFSS |
f,b |
JBS |
R,B |
|
控 制 指 令 |
|
OPTION |
|
CONTW |
|
|
SLEED |
|
SLEP |
|
|
CLRWDF |
|
WDTC |
|
|
TRIS |
f |
IOW |
R |
|
RETLW |
k |
RETL |
K |
|
CALL |
k |
CALL |
K |
|
GOTO |
k |
JMP |
K |
|
MOVLW |
k |
MOV |
A,K |
|
IORLW |
k |
OR |
A,K |
|
ANDLW |
k |
AND |
A,K |
|
XORLW |
k |
XOR |
A,K |
|
其它 |
| |
DAA |
|
| |
ENI |
|
| |
DISI |
|
| |
RET |
|
| |
RETI |
|
| |
CONTR |
|
| |
IOR |
R |
| |
SUB |
A,K |
| |
INT |
|
| |
ADD |
A,K | | |
|
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